Pico ADC Capabilities and Limitations
The RP2040 has a 12-bit successive-approximation ADC running from a 48 MHz clock. The maximum sample rate is approximately 500 kSPS (500,000 samples per second), giving a Nyquist bandwidth of 250 kHz. In practice, MicroPython overhead limits free-running sampling to around 100 kSPS — enough for audio frequencies, power supply ripple, and slow sensor signals.
For higher speeds, the RP2040's DMA controller can be driven from C/C++ to hit the full 500 kSPS, but for most educational and hobbyist uses MicroPython is sufficient and far easier to modify.
🚨 Danger
The Pico's ADC inputs accept **0–3.3V maximum**. Signals above 3.3V will permanently damage the RP2040. Always use a voltage divider or clamping diodes when probing unknown signals. Never connect directly to mains voltage.
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